In network topology, what does the term "mesh" refer to?

In network topology, the term "mesh" refers specifically to a configuration where all nodes are interconnected. In a mesh network, each device is directly connected to multiple other devices, allowing for multiple pathways for data to travel. This interconnectivity enhances robustness, as the failure of one device or connection does not necessarily affect network functionality; other pathways can continue to facilitate communication.

Mesh topologies can be classified into two types: full mesh, where every node is connected to every other node, and partial mesh, where only some nodes are interconnected. The key advantage of a mesh topology is its resilience and reliability, making it suitable for critical applications where constant connectivity is essential.

The other options represent different types of network structures. A hierarchical structure refers to multiple layers of network architecture (like core, distribution, and access layers), which is not indicative of the complete interconnectivity found in mesh. A linear arrangement describes a bus topology where devices are connected in a single line, which is less robust. A centralized control system typically describes a network architecture focused on a primary control point, rather than the decentralized interconnections of a mesh network.