What type of PON topology places optical splitters at the headend and routes them to individual customer premises?

The correct choice identifies the home-run topology as a method where optical fibers are run directly from the central office or distribution point to each individual customer premise, utilizing optical splitters strategically placed at the headend.

In this configuration, the optical splitters allow for the distribution of signals to multiple endpoints without the need for substantial infrastructure between the splitter and the customer's location. This results in a more straightforward and direct path, enhancing performance and reliability as each customer has a dedicated line leading back to the central office.

Such a topology is particularly effective in terms of minimizing signal degradation and ensuring that each customer receives a strong signal quality, as there is a direct connection without the complications of additional junctions or shared connections that can occur in other types of PON arrangements.

The other options suggest different configurations that may involve varying levels of complexity, potential signal loss, or suboptimal distribution methods compared to the home-run approach, which prioritizes direct connections for optimal performance.