Which type of network topology predominantly routes around cities and industrial areas?

The correct answer, ring topology, is characterized by a network layout where each node is connected to two other nodes, forming a closed loop. This structure allows for data to circulate around the ring in one direction, providing a predictable path for information flow.

In urban and industrial settings, where many users and devices are concentrated, a ring topology can be particularly advantageous. It can efficiently manage communication between a variety of locations, as data can easily traverse between the interconnected nodes. This can lead to reduced latency and improved network performance in densely populated areas.

When considering other types of network topologies, the star topology connects all devices to a central hub, which can lead to a single point of failure and may not be as effective for covering larger geographical areas. Tree topology, which branches out from a central root, can handle hierarchical data flow but might not be as efficient for widespread urban applications. Mesh topology offers multiple paths between nodes, which can enhance reliability, but it can be complex and costly to implement in an expansive city landscape.

Thus, in environments that require direct and efficient communication paths, such as cities and industrial parks, a ring topology is well-suited for the job due to its structured, cyclic nature.